Zingwe za Photovoltaic ndizo maziko othandizira zida zamagetsi mumagetsi a photovoltaic.Kuchuluka kwa zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzithunzithunzi za photovoltaic zimaposa machitidwe opangira magetsi, komanso ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse.
Ngakhale zingwe za photovoltaic DC ndi AC zimakhala pafupifupi 2-3% ya mtengo wamagetsi ogawidwa a photovoltaic, zochitika zenizeni zapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zolakwika kungapangitse kutayika kwakukulu kwa mzere mu polojekitiyi, kutsika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi zina zomwe zimachepetsa. projekiti kubwerera.
Choncho, kusankha zingwe zoyenera kungathandize kuchepetsa ngozi ya polojekitiyo, kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa magetsi, ndikuthandizira kumanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza.
Mitundu ya zingwe za photovoltaic
Malinga ndi dongosolo la malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic, zingwe zimatha kugawidwa mu zingwe za DC ndi zingwe za AC.Malinga ndi magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito, amagawidwa motere:
Zingwe za DC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
Kugwirizana kwa mndandanda pakati pa zigawo;
Kulumikizana kofanana pakati pa zingwe ndi pakati pa zingwe ndi mabokosi ogawa a DC (mabokosi ophatikiza);
Pakati pa mabokosi ogawa a DC ndi ma inverters.
Zingwe za AC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa:
Kulumikizana pakati pa ma inverters ndi ma transfoma owonjezera;
Kulumikizana pakati pa osinthira-mmwamba ndi zida zogawa;
Kulumikizana pakati pa zida zogawa ndi ma gridi amagetsi kapena ogwiritsa ntchito.
Zofunikira pazingwe za photovoltaic
Zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo laling'ono lamagetsi la DC lamagetsi opangira magetsi a solar photovoltaic zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zofunikira zamakono.Zinthu zonse zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi izi: ntchito yotchinjiriza chingwe, magwiridwe antchito oletsa kutentha ndi moto, anti-aging performance komanso ma waya awiri.Zingwe za DC nthawi zambiri zimayalidwa panja ndipo zimafunika kuti zisawonongeke ndi chinyezi, zisawonongeke ndi dzuwa, sizizizira, komanso zisawonongeke ndi UV.Choncho, zingwe za DC m'makina ogawidwa a photovoltaic nthawi zambiri zimasankha zingwe zapadera za photovoltaic-certified.Chingwe cholumikizira chamtunduwu chimagwiritsa ntchito chotchingira chamitundu iwiri, chomwe chimatha kukana UV, madzi, ozoni, asidi, ndi kukokoloka kwa mchere, kuthekera kwanyengo yonse komanso kukana kuvala.Poganizira cholumikizira cha DC ndi zomwe zimatuluka pagawo la photovoltaic, zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Photovoltaic DC ndi PV1-F1 * 4mm2, PV1-F1 * 6mm2, etc.
Zingwe za AC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuchokera ku mbali ya AC ya inverter kupita ku bokosi lophatikizira la AC kapena kabati yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya AC.Pazingwe za AC zomwe zimayikidwa panja, chinyezi, dzuwa, kuzizira, chitetezo cha UV, ndikuyika mtunda wautali ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Nthawi zambiri, zingwe zamtundu wa YJV zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;pazingwe za AC zoikidwa m'nyumba, chitetezo cha moto ndi chitetezo cha makoswe ndi nyerere chiyenera kuganiziridwa.
Kusankha zinthu zama chingwe
Zingwe za DC zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panja nthawi yayitali.Chifukwa cha malire a zomangamanga, zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizira chingwe.Zipangizo zopangira chingwe zitha kugawidwa kukhala pachimake chamkuwa ndi pachimake cha aluminium.
Zingwe zamkuwa zamkuwa zimakhala ndi antioxidant mphamvu kuposa aluminiyamu, moyo wautali, kukhazikika bwino, kutsika kwamagetsi komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu.Pomanga, zitsulo zamkuwa zimakhala zosinthika komanso zololeka zopindika ndizochepa, kotero zimakhala zosavuta kutembenuka ndikudutsa mapaipi.Komanso, ma copper cores sagwira kutopa komanso osavuta kusweka akapindika mobwerezabwereza, kotero kuti waya ndiwosavuta.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma coppers ali ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba ndipo amatha kupirira kukangana kwakukulu kwamakina, zomwe zimabweretsa kumasuka kwambiri pakumanga ndi kuyika, komanso zimapanga mikhalidwe yomanga makina.
M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha mankhwala a aluminiyamu, zingwe za aluminiyumu pachimake sachedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni (electrochemical reaction) pa unsembe, makamaka zokwawa, zomwe zingachititse kulephera mosavuta.
Choncho, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa zingwe zazitsulo za aluminiyamu ndizochepa, chifukwa cha chitetezo cha polojekiti ndi ntchito yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, Rabbit Jun amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamkuwa zamkuwa pamapulojekiti a photovoltaic.
Kuwerengera kwa kusankha kwa chingwe cha photovoltaic
Zovoteledwa panopa
Chigawo chapakati cha zingwe za DC m'malo osiyanasiyana a photovoltaic system chimatsimikiziridwa motsatira mfundo zotsatirazi: Zingwe zolumikizira pakati pa ma module a solar cell, zingwe zolumikizira pakati pa mabatire, ndi zingwe zolumikizira katundu wa AC nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ndi ovotera. zamakono za 1.25 nthawi zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chingwe chilichonse;
zingwe zolumikizira pakati pa ma cell a solar ndi masanjidwe, ndi zingwe zolumikizira pakati pa mabatire (magulu) ndi ma inverters nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi ma voliyumu apano a 1.5 nthawi yayikulu yopitilira yogwira ntchito ya chingwe chilichonse.
Pakali pano, kusankha kwa chingwe chodutsana makamaka kumatengera mgwirizano pakati pa chingwe m'mimba mwake ndi zamakono, ndipo chikoka cha kutentha kozungulira, kutayika kwa magetsi, ndi kuyika njira pa mphamvu zamakono zonyamula zingwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa.
M'madera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito, mphamvu yonyamulira ya chingwe, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti waya awiri ayenera kusankhidwa m'mwamba pamene magetsi ali pafupi ndi mtengo wapamwamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zingwe zazing'ono zamtundu wa photovoltaic kunayambitsa moto pambuyo podzaza
Kutayika kwa magetsi
Kutayika kwamagetsi mu photovoltaic system kumatha kudziwika ngati: kutayika kwamagetsi = panopa * chingwe kutalika * voltage factor.Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku ndondomeko kuti kutayika kwa magetsi kumayenderana ndi kutalika kwa chingwe.
Chifukwa chake, pakuwunika pamalowo, mfundo yosunga mndandanda wa inverter ndi inverter ku malo olumikizirana ndi gridi pafupi kwambiri iyenera kutsatiridwa.
Nthawi zambiri, kutayika kwa mzere wa DC pakati pa gulu la photovoltaic ndi inverter sikudutsa 5% yamagetsi otulutsa, ndipo kutayika kwa mzere wa AC pakati pa inverter ndi malo olumikizirana ndi grid sikudutsa 2% yamagetsi otulutsa magetsi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya, njira yoyeserera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: △U=(I*L*2)/(r*S)
△U: chingwe chamagetsi chotsika-V
I: chingwe chikuyenera kupirira chingwe chachikulu-A
L: kutalika kwa chingwe-m
S: chingwe chodutsa-gawo-mm2;
r: conductor conductivity-m/(Ω*mm2;), r mkuwa=57, r aluminiyamu=34
Mukayika zingwe zingapo zamitundu yambiri m'mitolo, mapangidwe amayenera kulabadira mfundo
Mukugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, poganizira zinthu monga njira yolumikizira chingwe ndi zoletsa zamayendedwe, zingwe zamakina a photovoltaic, makamaka zingwe za AC, zitha kukhala ndi zingwe zingapo zapakati zoyikidwa m'mitolo.
Mwachitsanzo, mu kachitidwe kakang'ono ka magawo atatu, mzere wotuluka wa AC umagwiritsa ntchito "mzere umodzi wazitsulo zinayi" kapena "mzere umodzi wazitsulo zisanu";mu dongosolo lalikulu la magawo atatu, mzere wotuluka wa AC umagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zingapo mofananira m'malo mwa zingwe zazikulu zokhala ndi mainchesi amodzi.
Zingwe zamitundu yambiri zikaikidwa m'mitolo, mphamvu zenizeni zonyamulira zingwezo zimachepetsedwa ndi gawo linalake, ndipo izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa kumayambiriro kwa ntchitoyo.
Njira zoyakira chingwe
Mtengo womanga wa uinjiniya wa chingwe mumapulojekiti opanga magetsi a photovoltaic nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera, ndipo kusankha njira yoyika kumakhudza mwachindunji mtengo womanga.
Choncho, kukonzekera koyenera ndi kusankha kolondola kwa njira zoyika chingwe ndi maulalo ofunikira pa ntchito yopangira chingwe.
Njira yoyika chingwe imaganiziridwa momveka bwino potengera momwe polojekiti ikuyendera, zochitika zachilengedwe, mafotokozedwe a chingwe, zitsanzo, kuchuluka kwake ndi zinthu zina, ndipo amasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchito yodalirika ndi kukonza kosavuta komanso mfundo ya kulingalira kwaluso ndi zachuma.
Kuyika kwa zingwe za DC m'mapulojekiti opanga magetsi a photovoltaic makamaka kumaphatikizapo kuikidwa m'manda mwachindunji ndi mchenga ndi njerwa, kuyala mapaipi, kuyala mumiyendo, kuyika mu ngalande za zingwe, kuyala ma tunnel, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuyika kwa zingwe za AC sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kuyika njira zamagetsi ambiri.
Zingwe za DC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa ma module a photovoltaic, pakati pa zingwe ndi mabokosi ophatikizira a DC, komanso pakati pa mabokosi ophatikiza ndi ma inverters.
Amakhala ndi madera ang'onoang'ono odutsana komanso ochulukirapo.Kawirikawiri, zingwezo zimamangidwa pamodzi ndi mabakiteriya a module kapena zimayikidwa kudzera pa mapaipi.Pogona, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
Pakulumikiza zingwe pakati pa ma modules ndi zingwe zolumikizira pakati pa zingwe ndi mabokosi ophatikizira, mabatani a module ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothandizira ndikuyikira chingwe momwe mungathere, zomwe zingachepetse kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe mpaka pamlingo wina.
Mphamvu yoyika chingwe iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi yoyenera, ndipo isakhale yothina kwambiri.Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku m'malo a photovoltaic nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha ndi kutsika kuyenera kupewedwa kuti tipewe kusweka kwa chingwe.
Chingwe cha photovoltaic chimatsogolera pamwamba pa nyumbayi chiyenera kuganizira za aesthetics yonse ya nyumbayo.
Malo oyakira apewe kuyika zingwe m'mbali zakuthwa za makoma ndi m'mabulaketi kupewa kudula ndi kupera wosanjikiza wotsekera kuti apangitse mabwalo amfupi, kapena kumeta ubweya kuti adule mawaya ndikupangitsa mabwalo otseguka.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mavuto monga mphezi yolunjika pa mizere ya chingwe iyenera kuganiziridwa.
Konzani moyenerera njira yoyakira chingwe, kuchepetsa kuwoloka, ndikuphatikiza kuyala momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kukumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe pomanga polojekiti.
Zambiri zamtengo wa chingwe cha Photovoltaic
Mtengo wa zingwe zoyenerera za photovoltaic DC pamsika pano zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi gawo la magawo ndi kuchuluka kwa kugula.
Kuonjezera apo, mtengo wa chingwe umagwirizana ndi mapangidwe a magetsi.Kapangidwe kagawo kokometsedwa kumatha kupulumutsa kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za DC.
Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wa zingwe za photovoltaic umachokera ku 0.12 mpaka 0.25/W.Ngati zidutsa kwambiri, zingakhale zofunikira kufufuza ngati mapangidwewo ndi omveka kapena ngati zingwe zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zapadera.
Chidule
Ngakhale zingwe za photovoltaic ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la dongosolo la photovoltaic, sizili zophweka monga momwe amaganizira kusankha zingwe zoyenera kuti atsimikizire kutsika kwa ngozi ya polojekitiyi, kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa magetsi, ndikuthandizira kumanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza.Ndikukhulupirira kuti mawu oyamba m'nkhaniyi atha kukupatsirani chithandizo chamalingaliro pakupanga ndi kusankha kwamtsogolo.
Chonde khalani omasuka kulumikizana nafe kuti mumve zambiri pazingwe za solar.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-19-2024
