M'zaka zaposachedwa, teknoloji ya mafakitale a photovoltaic yakhala ikukula mofulumira komanso mofulumira, mphamvu yamagulu amodzi yakhala ikukula komanso ikuluikulu, zingwe zamakono zakhala zikukulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirapo, ndipo zamakono zamagulu amphamvu kwambiri zafika kuposa. 17A.
Ponena za mapangidwe a dongosolo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamphamvu kwambiri komanso kufananiza koyenera kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo woyambira wandalama ndi mtengo pa ola la kilowatt la dongosolo.
Mtengo wa zingwe za AC ndi DC mu dongosololi umakhala ndi gawo lalikulu.Kodi kupanga ndi kusankha ziyenera kuchepetsedwa bwanji kuti achepetse ndalama?
Kusankhidwa kwa zingwe za DC
Zingwe za DC zimayikidwa panja.Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti asankhe zingwe zapadera za photovoltaic zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka.
Pambuyo pakuyatsa kwamphamvu kwa ma elekitironi amtengo wapatali, kapangidwe kake kazinthu zotchinjiriza za chingwe kumasintha kuchokera ku mzere kupita ku mawonekedwe atatu a mauna amitundu itatu, ndipo mulingo wokana kutentha ukuwonjezeka kuchoka pa 70 ℃ mpaka 90 ℃, 105 ℃ , 125 ℃, 135 ℃, ndipo ngakhale 150 ℃, yomwe ndi 15-50% yokwera kuposa momwe zingwe zimanyamulira zomwe zilipo.
Imatha kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha komanso kukokoloka kwa mankhwala ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja kwa zaka zopitilira 25.
Posankha zingwe za DC, muyenera kusankha zinthu zomwe zili ndi ziphaso zoyenera kuchokera kwa opanga nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panja kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chingwe chodziwika bwino cha photovoltaic DC ndi PV1-F 1*4 4 square chingwe.Komabe, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa photovoltaic module panopa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa inverter mphamvu imodzi, kutalika kwa chingwe cha DC kukukulirakuliranso, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha 6 square DC kukuchulukiranso.
Malinga ndi zofunikira, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti kutayika kwa photovoltaic DC sikuyenera kupitirira 2%.Timagwiritsa ntchito muyezo uwu kupanga momwe tingasankhire chingwe cha DC.
Kukana kwa mzere wa PV1-F 1 * 4mm2 DC chingwe ndi 4.6mΩ/mita, ndipo kukana kwa mzere wa PV 6mm2 DC chingwe ndi 3.1mΩ/mita.Kungoganiza kuti voteji yogwira ntchito ya module ya DC ndi 600V, kutayika kwa voteji kwa 2% ndi 12V.
Poganiza kuti gawo lamakono ndi 13A, pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha 4mm2 DC, mtunda wochokera kumapeto kwa gawoli kupita ku inverter ukulimbikitsidwa kuti usapitirire mamita 120 (chingwe chimodzi, kupatula mizati yabwino ndi yoipa).
Ngati ndi yayikulu kuposa mtunda uwu, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha chingwe cha 6mm2 DC, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mtunda wochokera kumapeto kwa gawoli kupita ku inverter osapitirira 170 metres.
Kusankha zingwe za AC
Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wadongosolo, zigawo ndi inverters za malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic sizimakonzedwa kawirikawiri mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1.M'malo mwake, kuchulukana kofananirako kumapangidwa molingana ndi mikhalidwe yowunikira, zosowa za polojekiti, ndi zina.
Mwachitsanzo, pa gawo la 110KW, inverter ya 100KW imasankhidwa.Malinga ndi kuwerengera kofananirako ka 1.1 pa mbali ya AC ya inverter, kuchuluka kwa AC komwe kumatulutsa ndi pafupifupi 158A.
Kusankhidwa kwa zingwe za AC kumatha kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa inverter.Chifukwa ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa zigawozo zikufanana kwambiri, kulowetsa kwa inverter AC sikudzapitirira kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa inverter.
Ambiri ntchito photovoltaic dongosolo AC zingwe zamkuwa monga BVR ndi YJV ndi zitsanzo zina.BVR imatanthawuza waya wofewa wamkuwa wa polyvinyl chloride, chingwe champhamvu cha YJV cholumikizidwa ndi polyethylene.
Posankha, tcherani khutu ku mlingo wa voteji ndi mlingo wa kutentha kwa chingwe.Sankhani mtundu woletsa moto.Mafotokozedwe a chingwe amawonetsedwa ndi nambala yapakati, gawo lodziyimira pawokha komanso mulingo wamagetsi: mawonekedwe a chingwe chamtundu umodzi wanthambi, 1 * gawo lophatikizana, monga: 1 * 25mm 0.6/1kV, kusonyeza chingwe cha 25 square.
Kufotokozera kwa zingwe za nthambi zopotoka zamitundu ingapo: kuchuluka kwa zingwe zomwe zili mu lupu lomwelo * gawo lodziwikiratu, monga: 3*50+2*25mm 0.6/1KV, kusonyeza mawaya 3 50 amoyo, mawaya 25 apakati osalowerera ndale ndi ndi 25 square ground waya.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa single-core cable ndi multi-core cable?
Chingwe cha single-core chimatanthawuza chingwe chokhala ndi kondakita m'modzi yekha pagawo lotsekereza.Chingwe cha Multi-core chikutanthauza chingwe chokhala ndi core insulated core.Pankhani ya insulation performance, zingwe zonse za single-core ndi multicore ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yadziko.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chingwe chamitundu yambiri ndi chingwe chimodzi chokha ndichoti chingwe chimodzi chokha chimakhazikika kumbali zonse ziwiri, ndipo chingwe chotchinga chachitsulo chikhoza kupanganso kuyendayenda, zomwe zimabweretsa kutayika;
Chingwe cha Multi-core nthawi zambiri chimakhala chingwe chapakati-patatu, chifukwa pakugwira ntchito kwa chingwe, kuchuluka kwa mafunde omwe amayenda m'makona atatuwo ndi ziro, ndipo kwenikweni palibe magetsi opangira malekezero onse a chingwe chotchinga chachitsulo.
Kuchokera pakuwona mphamvu ya dera, kwa zingwe zamtundu umodzi ndi zamitundu yambiri, mphamvu zonyamulira zomwe zilipo panopa za zingwe zamtundu umodzi ndizokulu kuposa zingwe zitatu zapakati pa gawo limodzi;
Kuchita kwa kutentha kwa zingwe zamtundu umodzi ndizokulirapo kuposa zingwe zamitundu yambiri.Pansi pa katundu wofanana kapena maulendo afupipafupi, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi zingwe zamtundu umodzi kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi zingwe zamitundu yambiri, zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka;
Kuchokera pamawonedwe oyika chingwe, zingwe zamitundu yambiri ndizosavuta kuziyika, ndipo zingwe zokhala ndi chitetezo chamkati komanso chamitundu yambiri ndizotetezeka;Zingwe zapakati pawokha ndizosavuta kupindika pakuyala, koma zovuta zoyala mtunda wautali ndizokulirapo pazingwe zapakatikati kuposa zingwe zamitundu yambiri.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro oyika mutu wa chingwe, mitu ya chingwe chapakati ndi yosavuta kukhazikitsa komanso yosavuta kugawa mzere.Pankhani ya mtengo, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa zingwe zamitundu yambiri ndizokwera pang'ono kuposa zingwe zamtundu umodzi.
Maluso opangira ma waya a Photovoltaic
Mizere ya photovoltaic system imagawidwa m'magulu a DC ndi AC.Zigawo ziwirizi ziyenera kukhala ndi mawaya padera.Gawo la DC limalumikizidwa ku zigawozo, ndipo gawo la AC limalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi.
Pali zingwe zambiri za DC m'malo opangira magetsi apakatikati ndi akulu.Kuti muthandizire kukonza mtsogolo, manambala a mzere wa chingwe chilichonse ayenera kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu.Zingwe zamagetsi zamphamvu ndi zofooka zimalekanitsidwa.Ngati pali mizere yolumikizira, monga kulumikizana kwa 485, iyenera kuyendetsedwa padera kuti zisasokonezedwe.
Mukamayendetsa mawaya, konzekerani ngalande ndi milatho.Yesetsani kuti musaulule mawaya.Zidzawoneka bwino ngati mawaya akuyendetsedwa molunjika komanso molunjika.Yesetsani kuti musakhale ndi zingwe zolumikizira m'mipando ndi milatho chifukwa ndizosavuta kuzisamalira.Ngati mawaya a aluminiyamu alowa m'malo mwa mawaya amkuwa, ma adapter odalirika amkuwa a aluminiyamu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mu dongosolo lonse la photovoltaic, zingwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo gawo lawo lamtengo wapatali mu dongosolo likuwonjezeka.Tikapanga malo opangira magetsi, tifunika kusunga ndalama zadongosolo momwe tingathere ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo opangira magetsi akugwira ntchito modalirika.
Choncho, mapangidwe ndi kusankha kwa zingwe za AC ndi DC za machitidwe a photovoltaic ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Chonde khalani omasuka kulumikizana nafe kuti mumve zambiri pazingwe za solar.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-17-2024
