Amapangidwa kukhala chingwe, pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ngati mphamvu, pogwiritsa ntchito waya wotsutsa aloyi kuti apange kutentha kuti akwaniritse kutentha kapena kusungunula.Nthawi zambiri pali mitundu imodzi yokha-conductor ndi awiri-conductor, omwe amatchedwazingwe zotenthetsera.
Ntchito mfundo ya Kutentha chingwe
Pakatikati mwa chingwe chotenthetsera chimapangidwa ndi waya wozizira, ndipo kunja kwake kumapangidwa ndi wosanjikiza wotsekera, pansi, wosanjikiza wotchinga ndi sheath yakunja.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chikapatsidwa mphamvu, chimatulutsa kutentha ndipo chimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kochepa kwa 40-60 ℃.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chomwe chimakwiriridwa ndikudzaza chimatumiza mphamvu zotentha kupita ku thupi lotenthedwa kudzera pakuwotcha (convection) ndi 8-13um ma radiation akutali.
Kapangidwe ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito yotenthetsera chingwe pansi chowunikira:
Chingwe chamagetsi → chosinthira → chipangizo chogawa chamagetsi chotsika → mita yamagetsi yapakhomo → chowongolera kutentha Chipangizo → chingwe chotenthetsera → chotenthetsera chipinda pansi
Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi ngati mphamvu
Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chotenthetsera ngati chinthu chotenthetsera
Kutenthetsa makina opangira magetsi
Chingwe chotenthetsera chikayatsidwa, chimatulutsa kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwake kumakhala pakati pa 40 ℃ ndi 60 ℃.
Kupyolera mu njira yolumikizirana, imatenthetsa gawo la simenti lozungulira, kenako ndikusunthira pansi kapena matailosi, kenako kumatenthetsa mpweya kudzera pa convection.
Kuwongolera kutentha kumapanga 50% ya kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi chingwe chotenthetsera
Gawo lachiwiri ndiloti chingwe chotenthetsera chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, chidzapanga 7-10 micron kutali ndi kuwala kwa infrared, komwe kuli koyenera kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, ndikuwunikira ku thupi la munthu ndi malo.
Mbali imeneyi ya kutentha imakhalanso ndi 50% ya kutentha komwe kumapangidwa, ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kwa chingwe cha kutentha kuli pafupi ndi 100%.
Pakatikati pa chingwe chotenthetsera chimapangidwa ndi waya wozizira, ndipo wosanjikiza wakunja umapangidwa ndi wosanjikiza, wosanjikiza pansi, wosanjikiza wotchinga ndi sheath yakunja.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chikayatsidwa, chimatulutsa kutentha ndipo chimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kochepa kwa 40-60 ℃.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chomwe chimakwiriridwa munsanjika yodzaza chimatumiza mphamvu zotentha kupita ku thupi lotenthedwa kudzera pakuwongolera kutentha (convection) ndi 8-13μm kutali ndi ma radiation.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamagetsi kwamagetsi
Beijing Zhonghai Huaguang adapereka lingaliro la "kutentha kotentha" kuti awone kuchuluka kwa kutentha, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumalowa m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kokwanira, kumatenthetsa bwino komanso kumapangitsanso kutentha kwapamwamba.
Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ma radiation kumafika pa 98%, komwe pafupifupi 60% ndi kufalitsa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mafunde a electromagnetic, kutulutsa kuwala kochuluka kwa infrared, komanso kutentha kwachindunji kwa malo otsekedwa ndi kutentha kwa thupi. kufunika kotenthetsa mpweya.
Sizimangokwaniritsa zofunikira za kutentha kwa anthu, komanso zimakhala ndi chitonthozo chabwino kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi 2-3 ℃ kutsika kuposa kutenthetsa kwa convection, komwe kumachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kusiyana kwa kutentha.
Njira yowotchera yopulumutsira mphamvu imeneyi yavomerezedwa ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi ndikuphatikizidwa mumiyezo yopangira zopulumutsa mphamvu.
Mapangidwe a chingwe chowotchera pansi chowunikira chotenthetsera
Dongosololi lili ndi magawo atatu:chingwe chotenthetsera, sensor ya kutentha (probe control control) ndi chowongolera kutentha.
Kuti akhazikitse mosavuta, opanga nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsa chingwe chotenthetsera paukonde wagalasi pasadakhale, chomwe chimadziwika kuti "net heat heat cable" kapena "heating mat".
Ponena za zingwe zotenthetsera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi imodzi yokha komanso awiri-conductor.
Pakati pawo, mapangidwe a kondakitala mmodzi ndi kuti chingwe chimalowa kuchokera ku "mzere wozizira", chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mndandanda ndi ", ndiyeno chikugwirizana ndi "chingwe chozizira" kuti chitulutse.
Makhalidwe a chingwe chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chimodzi ndi "kukhala ndi mutu ndi mchira", ndipo mutu ndi mchira ndi "mizere yozizira" yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi thermostat.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chawiri-conductor chimalowa kuchokera ku "chingwe chozizira", chimalumikizidwa mndandanda ndi "", ndiyeno "mzere wozizira" umabwerera ku chingwe.Khalidwe lake ndi lakuti mutu ndi mchira zili kumapeto.
Thermostat ndi chida chothandizira kutentha kosalekeza komanso kuwongolera mwanzeru kutentha.
Pakali pano, ma thermostats operekedwa ndi kampani yathu makamaka amaphatikiza ma thermostats otsika mtengo komanso ma thermostats anzeru omwe amatha kuzindikira kuwongolera kutentha ndi kutsika komanso kutetezedwa ndipo amatha kukonzedwa kwa masiku 7 ndikuwonetsa kutentha kwa LCD ndi mapulogalamu munyengo zinayi tsiku lililonse. .
Thermostat yamtunduwu imatha kuzindikiranso kuyang'anira ndi kuteteza kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kwa ntchito mwa kulumikiza kafukufuku wa kutentha kumalo ogwirira ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotenthetsera:
Nyumba zapagulu
Nyumba zaboma zimatanthawuza nyumba zomwe zili m'maofesi, zokopa alendo, sayansi, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, thanzi ndi kulumikizana.
Malo a nyumba za anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala 1/3 ya malo omanga mumzindawu.Mbali imodzi ya nyumba za anthu onse n’njakuti zambiri zimakhala ndi malo aatali.
Pamalo awa, malo ochitirako anthu ambiri, ndiye kuti, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi pafupifupi 1.8m, zomwe zimatengera gawo laling'ono la kutalika kwa danga.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwachikhalidwe, kutentha kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osagwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusakhale bwino komanso kutentha pang'ono.
Komabe, kutentha kwa kutentha kwapansi kwapambana kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa dziko lapansi monga njira yowotchera yopulumutsa mphamvu m'nyumba za anthu ndi mphamvu yake yabwino yotenthetsera ndi kutentha kwabwino.
Zochita zatsimikizira kuti m'maofesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 8 patsiku komanso nyumba zapagulu zotsika mtengo nthawi wamba, zingwe zotenthetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwapakatikati, kupulumutsa mphamvu kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Nyumba zogona
Kutentha kocheperako kwa zingwe zotentha sikungokhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso kutentha kwambiri, komanso kumatulutsa kuwala kwa 8-13μm kutali ndi infrared pogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi la munthu likhale lomasuka komanso lofunda.
Kuphatikiza apo, imayikidwa padera, yabwino, yoyera, yaukhondo, safuna madzi, siwopa kuzizira, ndi yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, yowongoka, ndipo sichifuna ndalama zapaipi, ngalande, zipinda zowotchera, ndi zina zotero.
Yalandiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu ochulukirachulukira, makamaka m'nyumba zokhala ndi zitseko zodziyimira pawokha komanso mabanja osakwatiwa.
Nyumba zotenthedwa motere sizongopulumutsa mphamvu, komanso zimatchedwa "nyumba zabwino" ndi "nyumba zathanzi".
Kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa pamsewu
Pakakhala malo otsetsereka kwambiri pamsewu kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo, zimakhala zovuta komanso zowopsa kuti magalimoto azikwera ndi kutsika pamtunda pambuyo pa chipale chofewa kapena chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngati tikwirira zingwe zotenthetsera pansi pa tsinde lotsetsereka kuti zisungunuke matalala ndi ayezi, ndiye kuti vuto ndi ngoziyi zidzathetsedwa bwino.
Ku Harbin, dziko langa, zingwe zotenthetsera zidayikidwa mumsewu wa Wenchang Interchange ndi otsetsereka 4%, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zidakwaniritsidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotenthetsera chipale chofewa m'mabwalo a ndege afika pofalikira komanso okhwima.
Kutsekereza mapaipi: Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotenthetsera kutsekereza mapaipi amafuta ndi madzi ndi gawo lapadera la zingwe zotenthetsera.
Dothi Kutentha dongosolo
M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yabwino ya bwalo lobiriwira.Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotenthetsera kutenthetsa kuti udzu ukhale wobiriwira ndi chisankho chabwino.
Kuonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotenthetsera kutentha kwa nthaka mu greenhouses kumathandizanso kwambiri, zomwe zingathe kuonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka ndikulimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko cha mizu ya zomera.
Chipale chofewa ndi ayezi akusungunuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Kumpoto, pamene chipale chofewa chimasungunuka, mafunde nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ayezi atapachikidwa, nthawi zina kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu khumi.Ndizoopsa kwambiri kuthyoka ndi kugwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuyala chingwe chotenthetsera chipale chofewa ndi makina osungunula madzi oundana padenga ndi ma eaves amatha kuteteza bwino kuwonongeka kwa ayezi ndi matalala.
Bafa pansi Kutentha dongosolo
M'madera osatentha komanso nyengo zosatentha m'madera otentha, zipinda zosambira zimakhala zozizira komanso zonyowa, ndipo kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera chingwe chotenthetsera pansi kuti mutenthetse bafa kumakupangitsani kumva kutentha, oyera, aukhondo, omasuka, omasuka, komanso aumunthu.
Ichinso ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera ma radiation otsika kutentha mchipinda chosambira.
Zingwe zotenthetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachitetezo chawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kuwongolera kosavuta, kukhazikitsa kosavuta (kutha kukhazikitsidwa mwanjira iliyonse), moyo wautali, komanso ndalama zochepa.
Zomangamanga: Kutenthetsa masukulu, masukulu, zipatala, nyumba zamaofesi, malo ogulitsira, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, maholo, mafakitale, magalasi, zipinda zogwirira ntchito, malo alonda, ndi zina zotero;
Kutentha kwa antifreeze kwa magalasi, malo osungiramo katundu, kusungirako, zipinda zosungirako zozizira, ndi zina zotero;Kutentha ndi kuyanika mofulumira ndi kulimbitsa konkriti yomanga m'nyengo yozizira;
Ubwino: Sinthani kumadera osiyanasiyana, kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza ndalama
Kugwiritsa ntchito malonda: Kutentha kwa mabafa a anthu onse, yoga yotentha, ma saunas, zipinda zakutikita minofu, malo ochezeramo, maiwe osambira, etc.;
Ubwino: Far infuraredi matenthedwe matenthedwe matenthedwe, osati akwaniritsa Kutentha zofunika, ndi zambiri chisamaliro thanzi ndi mankhwala zotsatira;
Kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana ndi odana ndi kuzizira: masitepe akunja, milatho ya oyenda pansi, madenga omanga, ngalande, mipope yokhetsa, malo oimikapo magalimoto, ma driveways, misewu ya eyapoti, misewu ikuluikulu, misewu, mabwalo a mlatho ndi malo ena akunja kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa ndi kusungunuka kwa ayezi;
nsanja zamagetsi, zingwe, zida ndi chitetezo china kutsoka lamvula, madzi oundana ndi kuwonongeka;
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito: kupewa zoopsa zobisika zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kudzikundikira kwa chipale chofewa ndi ayezi, kuwongolera chitetezo;kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ya malo magetsi;
Makampani: kutchinjiriza mapaipi a mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi operekera madzi, mapaipi oteteza moto, etc., kutchinjiriza kwa thanki, mafuta, magetsi ndi zina zowonekera Antifreeze ndi kuteteza kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi zida zake;
Ubwino: kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ndi ntchito mapaipi, akasinja ndi zipangizo;
Kutenthetsa m'manja: Kutenthetsa kwa zipinda za sitima (kuchotsa zotenthetsera zamagetsi), kutentha kwapanyumba kwanyumba zosunthika ndi nyumba zopepuka;
Ubwino: kupulumutsa mphamvu, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwapaintaneti, kosavuta komanso kosavuta
Ulimi: Kutentha kwa nthaka ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe m'malo obiriwira, nyumba zamaluwa ndi malo ena obzala, minda yoweta, minda ya nkhumba, aquariums, etc.;
Ubwino: onetsetsani kutentha kofunikira pakubzala ndi kuswana, kusunga malo abwino, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndi nyama, ndikuwongolera kupulumuka
Sports: Kutentha dziwe pansi ndi kutchinjiriza madzi dziwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mpira bwalo lotseguka mpweya udzu antifreeze;
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito: kuonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka, kuonjezera chitonthozo cha chilengedwe, ndikuteteza kukula kwa udzu kwa nthawi yaitali;
Zina: malo ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kutentha, kutentha ndi kutsekereza
Zofunika kwambiri za chingwe chotenthetsera chotsika kutentha kwa radiation
Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotenthetsera zotenthetsera ndi njira yobiriwira komanso yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe yomwe ili yotetezeka komanso yopanda kuipitsa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma boilers otenthetsera moto ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya m'deralo.
Malinga ndi deta yochokera kumzinda wakumpoto m'dziko langa, pa 1 miliyoni masikweya mita malo otentha, matani 58,300 a malasha adzagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yotentha, matani 607 a utsi ndi fumbi zidzatulutsidwa, matani 1,208 a CO2 ndi nitrogen oxide. mpweya udzatulutsidwa, ndipo matani 8,500 a phulusa adzatayidwa;
kupangitsa kuti malowo apitirire muyezo wa mulingo wachitatu kapena kupitilirapo kwa masiku opitilira 100 panthawi yotentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulani yapachaka ya thambo la blue sky ilephere.
Kusintha momwe zinthu zilili pano, pokhapokha posintha mphamvu yamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotenthetsera kutentha ziyenera kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri.
Kutentha kwabwino komanso kutentha kwakukulu
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa kutentha kwapansi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pakati pa njira zina zotenthetsera potengera kutentha ndi kutentha.
Kuwongolera bwino kwambiri, kuzindikira kwenikweni kuwongolera kwapakhomo ndi zipinda ndikuwongolera madera, kosavuta kugwira ntchito
Chingwe chotenthetsera kutentha kwa ma radiation otsika ndi osavuta komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito potengera kuwongolera kwadongosolo komanso kuwongolera, komwe kumathandizira kupulumutsa mphamvu.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatsimikizira kuti muzotenthetsera, kupyolera mu kuwongolera kutentha ndi njira zoyezera nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 20% -30%.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chotsika kutentha kwa ma radiation amatha kuzindikirika mosavuta potengera kuwongolera kwanyumba ndi zipinda, ndipo mphamvu zake zopulumutsa mphamvu zimawonekera kwambiri m'mabanja omwe amapeza ndalama ziwiri komanso nyumba zapagulu.
Kusiya kumanga ndi kugulitsa mapaipi, ngalande, ma radiator, ndi zina zotero, kumapulumutsa malo ndikuwonjezera malo ogwiritsira ntchito.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, imatha kupulumutsa malo ndikuwonjezera malo ogwiritsira ntchito nyumba pafupifupi 3-5%.
Palibe madzi ofunikira, osawopa kuzizira, otseguka pamene akugwiritsidwa ntchito, otsekedwa pamene sakugwiritsidwa ntchito, amathandiza kwambiri kutentha kwapakatikati ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu kwa nyumba.
Omasuka komanso ofunda, satenga malo a khoma, omwe amathandiza kukongoletsa nyumba ndi kukonzanso.
Moyo wautali komanso mtengo wotsika wokonza.Kuyikako kukakwaniritsa zofunikira ndipo ntchitoyo ili yoyenera, moyo wadongosolo ndi wofanana ndi nyumbayo, ndipo palibe kukonza ndi kukonza komwe kumafunikira kwa zaka zambiri.
Ndikoyenera "kumeta kwambiri komanso kudzaza zigwa" zamakina amagetsi amagetsi.M'dongosolo lamagetsi lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamafuta, mutu wamutu kwambiri ndi vuto la "peak shaving".
Ngakhale kuti vuto la "peak kumeta" likhoza kuthetsedwa ndi "pumped storage", mtengo wake ndi wokwera komanso wogwira ntchitoyo ndi wotsika.Mtengo wapamwamba wamagetsi uyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti athetse vuto la "peak shaving".
Chosanjikiza chodzaza konkriti cha dongosololi, chomwe chili pafupifupi 10cm, ndi malo abwino osungira kutentha.
Titha kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'chigwa kutenthetsa ndi kusunga kutentha.Ichi ndi chinthu chamitundu itatu chomwe chili ndi "kumeta pachimake", kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuwonjezera ndalama.
Kuyika kosavuta komanso ndalama zotsika mtengo.Popeza dongosololi silifuna zipangizo zamakono, zipangizo zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikhazikike ndizosavuta komanso zomangamanga zimakhalanso zosavuta.
Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kutayikira kwa chitoliro, palibe chifukwa chosungira mabowo pansi, ndipo palibe chifukwa chopachika zida pakhoma, kotero kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga ndizosavuta.
M'nyumba zokhala ndi zida zopulumutsa mphamvu, mtengo wa ntchitoyo siwokwera kuposa mitundu ina yamitengo yotenthetsera mukamagwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsika mtengo.Ngati ndi ofesi kapena banja lopeza ndalama ziwiri, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimakhala zotsika pamene kutentha kwapakatikati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mankhwala ubwino Kutentha zingwe
Zabwino, thanzi, ukhondo, moyo wautali, wopanda kukonza
Gwero la kutentha kwa kutentha kwa chingwe chotenthetsera pansi ndi pansi, kutenthetsa mapazi poyamba, ndipo kutentha kwa thupi laumunthu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kutentha kwapansi kumachepa ndi kutalika, kumapangitsa kuti ubongo ukhale wolunjika komanso kuganiza bwino, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chachipatala cha mankhwala achi China cha mapazi otentha ndi mutu wozizira.
Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa m'nyumba ndi kunja pamutu pamutu kumakhala kochepa, ndipo sikophweka kugwira chimfine, chomwe chimakhala chopindulitsa kwambiri kwa okalamba, amayi ndi ana.
Sichimasintha chinyezi cha mpweya, chimapewa kusuntha kwa mpweya ndi fumbi ndikuwuluka, ndipo chimapangitsa chilengedwe kukhala choyera ndi chosangalatsa;kuyika kwa magetsi pansi pa kutentha kwa magetsi kumachitika nthawi imodzi ndi kukongoletsa pansi kwa nyumbayo.
Chingwe chotenthetsera chimayikidwa muzitsulo za simenti pansi pa matailosi, pansi pa matabwa kapena marble.
Moyo wautumiki ndi wautali ngati nyumbayo.Malingana ngati sichikuwonongeka, chikhoza kutsimikizira kuti chikugwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zoposa 50, ndipo kwenikweni palibe kukonza komwe kumafunika.
Yotakata, yosavuta, yotenthetsera, yochotsa chinyezi, komanso yoteteza mildew
Chingwe chotenthetsera chimayikidwa pansi, sichikhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito chipindacho, ndipo palibe ma boilers, mapaipi, ma radiator, makabati, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkati mwake mukhale omasuka, ochuluka komanso okongola kwambiri.
Makina otenthetsera amapereka kutentha bwino m'nyengo yozizira ndipo amatha kuchotsa chinyezi ndi mildew munyengo yachinyezi.
Zotetezeka, zosamalira zachilengedwe, zopulumutsa mphamvu, komanso zotsika mtengo
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zingwe zotenthetsera kutentha sikumayambitsa kutaya kapena kufupikitsa, ndipo sizowopsa;kulibe madzi kapena gasi kutaya, ndipo palibe mpweya wotayira, madzi otayira, kapena fumbi lopangidwa ndi njira zina zotenthetsera.
Ndi njira yobiriwira, yosakonda zachilengedwe, komanso njira yotenthetsera yaumoyo;Kutentha kwamatenthedwe ndikokwera, ndipo chitonthozo chomwechi ndi 2-3 ℃ chotsika kuposa njira yachikhalidwe yolumikizira, kutentha kwathunthu kumakhala kochepa, kulibe madzi, malasha, kapena kutayika kwa gasi, ndikupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuwononga chilengedwe. ;
Kutentha kwa chipinda chilichonse kumatha kutsekedwa ndikusinthidwa mwakufuna, ndipo ntchito zachuma zimatha kupulumutsa 1 / 3-1 / 2 ya mtengo, ndalama zoyambira ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito ndizotsika, ndipo palibe kuwongolera katundu komwe kumafunikira.
chonde khalani omasuka kuti mutiuze kuti mumve zambiri za mawaya otenthetsera chingwe.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-07-2024
